Melanoma is a cancer that begins in the cells of the skin that produce pigmentation (coloration). It is also called malignant melanoma because it spreads to other areas of the body as it grows beneath the surface of the skin. Unlike many other types of cancer, melanoma strikes people of all age groups, even the young.

Melanoma that occurs in the foot or ankle often goes unnoticed during its earliest stage, when it would be more easily treated. By the time melanoma of the foot or ankle is diagnosed, it frequently has progressed to an advanced stage, accounting for a higher mortality rate. This makes it extremely important to follow prevention and early detection measures involving the feet as well as other parts of the body.

Most cases of melanoma are caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning beds.

Anyone can get melanoma, but some factors put a person at greater risk for developing this type of cancer. These include:

• Fair skin; skin that freckles; blond or red hair

• Blistering sunburns before the age of 18

• Numerous moles, especially if they appeared at a young age

Melanoma can occur anywhere on the skin, even in areas of the body not exposed to the sun. Melanoma usually looks like a spot on the skin that is predominantly brown, black, or blue, although in some cases, it can be mostly red or even white. However, not all areas of discoloration on the skin are melanoma.

If you notice any suspicious spot on your foot, it is important to see your foot doctor right away. It is also essential to see a doctor if there is discoloration of any size underneath a toenail.

Your foot doctor will examine the spot to determine whether a biopsy is necessary. If a biopsy is performed and it reveals melanoma, your doctor will discuss a treatment plan.

Everyone should practice strategies that can help prevent melanoma, or at least aid in early detection, so that early treatment can be undertaken.

Precautions to avoid getting melanoma of the foot and ankle, as well as general precautions, include:

• Wear water shoes or shoes and socks—flip flops do not provide protection!

• Use adequate sunscreen in areas that are unprotected by clothing or shoes. Be sure to apply sunscreen on the soles as well as the tops of feet.

• Inspect all areas of the feet daily, including the soles, underneath toenails and between the toes.

• If you wear nail polish, remove it occasionally so that you can inspect the skin underneath the toenails.

• Avoid UV radiation during the sun’s peak hours (10:00am to 4:00pm) beginning at birth. While sun exposure is harmful at any age, it is especially damaging to children and adolescents.

• Wear sunglasses that block 100 percent of all UV rays—both UVA and UVB.

• Wear a wide-brimmed hat.
  

Remember: Early detection is crucial with malignant melanoma. If you see any suspicious spot—or if you have discoloration beneath a toenail that is unrelated to trauma—be sure to visit your foot doctor as soon as possible.

Here at Dearborn Foot and Ankle, we are specialized in the treatment of a wide variety of foot and ankle conditions.

Come see us, we will be happy to go over your treatment options.

Contact us today for an appointment or to learn more.